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The
Hurricane was the brainchild of Sydney Camm, who began its design in 1934.
The prototype first took to the air on November the 6th 1935, at Brooklands
with P. W. S. "George" Bulman, the company's chief test pilot,
at the controls. Its tubular metal construction and fabric covering were
similar to those of the earlier Fury fighter biplane, considered old fashioned
this construction would result in the Hurricane's ability to later sustain
heavy damage in combat. Powered by the famous Rolls-Royce Merlin engine,
it became the first RAF monoplane fighter with an enclosed cockpit and retractable
undercarriage, its first fighter capable of a level speed in excess of 483
km/h (300 mph), and its first eight-gun fighter.
The Hurricane shouldered the lion's share of Britain's defense during the
"Battle of Britain", and was largely responsible for the successful
outcome of this conflict for the defending forces, equipping more than three-fifths
of R.A.F. Fighter Command's squadrons. During the Battle of Britain, which
began in earnest on August the 8th 1940, Hurricanes concentrated mainly
on the destruction of the German bombers. These were the aircraft that would
cause the most damage if allowed to get through. The only Victoria Cross
ever awarded to a Fighter Command pilot was won by Ft Lt James Nicolson,
a Hurricane pilot of No 249 Squadron. The highest scoring Allied pilot of
the battle - a Czech named Sergeant Josef Frantisek, who claimed 17 victories
- was also a Hurricane pilot. |